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Notes

1. Georgius Agricola, De Re Metallica, trans. H. C. Hoover and L. H. Hoover (from the first Latin Edition of 1556; reprint of the 1912 translation published by The Mining Magazine, London), New York: Dover Publications, 1950, xxv. This H. C. Hoover is the same Herbert, the one who became president.

2. Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert, Ansichten von der Nachtseite der Naturwissenschaften (Dresden 1809): 215-216.

3. Allan Sekula, "Photography Between Labour and Capital" in Mining Photographs and Other Pictures 1948-1968. A Selection from the Negative Archives of Shedden Studio, Glace Bay, Cape Breton, ed. Benjamin H. D. Buchloh and Robert Wilkie (Halifax: The Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, 1983) 193-268.

4. Ibid. 205.

5. Ibid. 209.

6. Ernst Kris, Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art (New York: Schocken Books, 1974): 166.

7. The high-low materials which this phantasmic account of building's incorporation of the underworld draws on can for the most part be found in Wendy Lesser, The Life Below the Ground. A Study of the Subterranean in Literature and History (Boston and London: Faber and Faber, 1987) and in Rosalind Williams, Notes on the Underground. An Essay on Technology, Society, and the Imagination (Cambridge, Mass. and London: The MIT Press, 1990).

8. Richard Wagner, "Die Bergwerke zu Falun. Oper in drei Akten," in Hubert Ermisch, "Ein ungedruckter Entwurf Richard Wagners zu einer Operndichtung, nebst Briefen," Deutsche Rundschau 73 (1905): 1-14.

9. The Corbusier quotes throughout this paragraph are taken from Thilo Hilpert, Die funktionelle Stadt. Le Corbusiers Stadtvision -- Bedingungen, Motive, HintergrÈnde (Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1978) 17, 19, 20, 121, 122, 132.

10. Eric Estorick, "Morale in Contemporary England," The American Journal of Sociology 47, 3 (November 1941): 462-471. The citation can be found on page 471.

11. Falun. Six Places of Interest Worth a Journey According to the Tourist Guide Michelin, trans. Margaret Hammare (Turism. Falu Kommun) 3.

12. Ibid. 4.

13. Hans Magnus Enzensberger, "Schwedischer Herbst," in Ach Europa! Wahrnehmungen aus sieben Lñndern. Mit einem Epilog aus dem Jahre 2006 (Frankfurt a/M: Suhrkamp, 1989): 49.

14. Ibid. 57.

15. Friedrich JUrgenson, Sprechfunk mit Verstorbenen. Eine dem Atomzeitalter gemñ¸e Form der praktischen technish-physikalischen Kontaktherstellung mit dem Jenseits (Freiburg: Verlag Hermann Bauer, 1978) 89-90.

16. Marquis de Sade, "Ernestine, A Swedish Tale," in The 120 Days of Sodom and other writings, trans. Austryn Wainhouse and Richard Seaver (New York: Grove Press, 1967) 726.

17. Ibid. 727.

18. Sigmund Freud, New Introductory Lectures, XXIX, in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works, ed. and trans. James Strachey (London: The Hogarth Press, 1964) 22: 25.

19. Freud, "Notes Upon a Case of Obsessional Neurosis" in The Standard Edition (1955) 10, 176-177.

20. Torbern, like the seven dwarf miners, and like the garden figurines of a still current predilection for kitsch in Germany, is heir to the subterranean demons Agricola already referred to, pranksters who liked to mimic miners and thus cause all kinds of trouble. Mining accidents were often attributed to these gnomes.

21. "Notes Upon a Case of Obsessional Neurosis" 297.

22. Ibid. 207 n. 1.

23. Ibid. 299.

24. Ibid. 276.

25. Ibid. 297.

26. Ibid. 215 n. 2.

27. Ibid. 284.

28. Ibid. 264.

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